Transformational leaders exhibit four characteristics in their interactions with employees; idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.
Transformational Leaders
- Charisma: Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust.
- Inspiration: Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses important purposes in simple ways.
- Intellectual stimulation: Promotes intennigence, rationality, and careful problem solving.
- Individualized Consideration: Gives personal atention, treats each employee individually, coaches, advises.
Transactional Leaders
- Contingent Reward: Contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good performance, recognizes accomplishments.
- Management by Exception (active): Watches and searches for deviations from rules and standards, takes corrective action.
- Management by Exception (passive): Intervenes only if standards are not met.
- Lasissez-Faire: Abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions.
"From transactional to transformational leadership. Learning to share the vision." by B.M. Bass. Organizational dynamics. Winter 1990. As quoted by "Phoebe Hayman, the founder of Seedling, Talks About Leadership as a Support Role" by Ramon B. Nuez Jr. Huffington Post. August 28, 2017.
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